Microprocessor Based Water Level Controller Communications Essay

Microprocessor Based Water Level Controller Communications Essay A microprocessor incorporates almost all of the functions of a CPU on a single integrated circuit .The first of the microprocessors emerged in the early 1970 since then they are being used for electronic calculators. Computer were for a long period constructed out of small and medium-scale Integrated circuits containing the equivalent of a few to a few hundred transistors. The integration of the whole CPU onto a single chip helped a lot and therefore greatly reduced the cost of processing capacity. Other embedded uses of 4 Bit 8-bit microprocessors, such as printers, various kinds of automation etc, followed rather quickly. Affordable 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit addressing also led to the first general purpose microcomputers in the mid-70s. From their humble beginnings continued increases in microprocessor capacity have rendered other forms of computers almost completely obsolete with one or more microprocessor as processing element in everything from the smallest embedded systems and handheld devices to the largest mainframes and supercomputers. Since the early 1970, the capacity of microprocessors have increased which suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost, doubles every two years. In the late 1990s, and in the high-performance microprocessor segment, heat generation due to switching losses, static current leakage. What is a Water Level Controller? It ia a Product which makes you tension free. It Avoids wastage of water, microprocessor based water level controller is technically advanced and simple to use, It switches ON when the water in the over tank drops down below level and puts OFF the pump when the water level rises above level. When the sump reaches valve level the system switch OF the pump automatically and switches ON the pump when the water reaches full level, BASIC INTRODUCTION: The circuit described here control the water level inside a tank. There are two different modes of operation.. The first is empty mode and it will take the water out of the tank, the pump will be used to suck the water until the water level drop below the lower level. The second is fill mode. Here the pump will be used to fill the tank, the pump will be activated until the water level reach the upper limit. Here is the schematic diagram of the water level controller circuit: The circuit uses NOR logic gates, only one integrated circuits package and one transistor is needed for the active components, very simple design. The default position of SW1 is empty mode, just switch to other position to make the water level controller works in fill mode operation. The relay can be used to control almost any type of water pump motors. Please be aware that this circuit works only with water or other electrically conductive liquids. MICROPROCESSOR BASED WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER: The water level Controller is a trustworthy circuit. it takes over the task of checking and Controlling the level of the water in the water tanks. The water level is displayed in the LED graph. The cu probes are used to detect the water level, These are inserted into the tank which is to be monitored. This water-level Controller-cum-alarm circuit is configured around the 8 bit Microprocessor 8085, It continuously monitors the overhead water level and display it and it will automatically switch On and off. All the input and output functions are done through the Programmable Peripheral Interface IC 8255. Basic block Diagram: Features very stable. Easily adjusted for operating requirements. Instant reversion to emergency. microprocessor basePID/Fuzzy controller. Principle The Autonics Water Level Modulating controlsystem is a single element Electro-pneumatic control with a pneumatic Positioner and PID/Fuzzysystem, The system comprises a Transmitter, converter module float chamber, a feedline modulating control valve and an electronicmicroprocessor based PID/FUZZY controllers. LEVEL TRANSMITTER Description The Autonic Water Level Modulating control system is a single element Electro-pneumatic control with a positioner and PID auto tuning system. A Level Transmitter with double-float chamber mounted on the boiler shell, fitted with a coil which can be make according to the requirement. A flanged mount fully stainless steel Control valve, fitted with a positioner and pneumatic actuator, which is mounted in the boiler feedline. A microprocessor-based PID/FUZZY Level controller is mounted on the control panel. An electronic Converter module is also mounted on the control panel. Operation A positive change of water level in the boiler alters the level transmitter inductance value of coil causing an imbalance in the system; This signal is transmitted through the electronic control box and connected to PID controller. Then the microprocessor-based PID level controller transmitted an electrical signal to the pneumatic positioner to position and adjusts the position of control valve. A additional low/high water level alarm or burner cut out contact are also provided in the microprocessor-based level controller with the adjustable setting position. Control valve The V control valve has many different inserts for precision throttling control. The inserts are pinned to the END CAPS and are used in conjunction with any of our standard seats. They are designed to change the flow characteristics of the valve and are offered in different shapes to meet a variety of modulating application. For very low C v applications. a specially designed â€Å"Soft† V insert incorporate both the flow element and the ball seal into one component, and maintains continuous contact with the ball. This arrangement provides excellent low end accuracy (EQ%) and repeatability ADVANTAGES OF WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER: Saves electricity Can be used any type of pumps Protection to the pump, LED Indication to monitor the water level in the over had tank and sump Low voltage and High voltage cut off (Working Range: 160v to 260v) Motor control: Direct switching up to 1 HP, through starters for ranges above. Application of water level controller: Residential buildings, Apartments, Hospitals, Educational Institutions, Hostels, Hotels, etc. In maximum homes water is first stored in an underground tank and from there it is pumped up to the tank located at the roof. People normally switch on the pump when their taps go dry and switch off the pump when the tank starts overflowing, which results in the unnecessary wastage and sometimes non-availability of water in the case of emergency which is to be controlled and corrected. The author used a piece of non-metallic conduit pipe (generally used for domestic wiring) slightly longer than the depth of the overhead tank. The common wire C goes up to the end of the pipe through the conduit. The wire for probes L and H goes along with the conduit from the outside and enters the conduit through two small holes bored into it as shown in Fig. 2. Care has to be taken to ensure that probes H and L do not touch wire C directly. Insulation of wires is to be removed from the points shown. The same arrangement can be followed for the underground tank also. To avoid any false triggering due to in terference, a shielded wire may be used. This water level sensor is good or appropriatefor liquids that have a conductivity of equal to or more than 25m Siemens,not only this It is your best choice for a water level switch. The system is economical. The level probe and the evaluation unit can be connected using a long cable. Two point sensors for independent switching and automatic control of pump TECHNICALLY Housing :aluminium, Weather-proof enamel painted suitable for back panel Cable Entries :3 Nos. of  ½ BSP Mains 110 or 230 Volts AC (-15 to + 10%) 50 Hz. Relay Output 50Hz for non-inductive load Power Consumption 5 VA . Fail-Safe Mode High or Low field selectable Response Time 0.5 secs Switching Delay 0.5 to 20 seconds Indication Red LED for Alarm, Green LED for Normal Operating Temp. : -20 ° C to + 60 ° C Weight ~2 Kg.

School Prayer :: essays research papers

School Prayer By Danielle Clark Block 1 Speech 105 I. Intro- Contrary to the claims, students have the Constitutional right to pray in school, either individually or in informal groups so long as the prayer is not organized by the school. But if the students only knew what they were really doing by praying in school. II. First of all they are going against the Bible. As to quote, Matthew 6:5-6: "And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners. But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray..." So as you can see those who pray in places such as the cafeteria, middle of the hall or things of that nature is actually going against the bible. Now I am not saying that a person should not pray in schools, but they should do it just as the Bible says in a personal place. If a student can't find a personal place, and have an undesirable need to pray, they need to not make a big deal out of it. Praying as put in the Bible is a personal experience between that person and God. Not an event to be proclaimed up and down the hallway. III. Another problem there is with praying in schools is the fact that there are some students who don't believe in God. The purpose of a democracy is to have the majority decide but yet always respect the rights of the minority. Some administrators, teachers, parents, and most importantly, kids, just feel uncomfortable when it comes to religion. Several factors could be attributed to this problem, from too many religions and religious theories to religious pressure to lack thereof. But whatever the reason some people feel offended by seeing these students pray. They think that their rights are being infringed upon. Well in example, if a shirt some student is wearing offends a person they tell someone about being offended. Someone else is also offended and so they tell someone. These 2 people influenced by what they have heard tell more people. This chain reaction continues until that kind of shirt is not allowed in schools, in example Marilynn Manson shirts. The minority there is the students wanting to wear the shirts; the majority is the people offended by it. The majority spoke and the minority is told to fallow.

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Chidera Egbukwu Mr. Bodden ENG4U 10 September 2012 Downturn in Ontario Economy The city of Ontario has become a place of interest due to the economical issue of financial inequality, non-affordable houses, poorest funding of public services among all other provinces. In response to the economic downturn of the Ontario economy due to the excesses of debt run, the world of the Ontario economies is approaching a new era, which is very negative. With a population of more than thirteen million (13,000,000 >), which is 38. % of Canada, Ontario is home to one in three Canadians. More than 15 percent live in urban Centre’s, largely in cities on the shores of the great lakes. Regardless of the size of Ontario, it is ranked at the bottom of the province pack inclusive of: Alberta,  British Columbia,  Manitoba,  New Brunswick,  Newfoundland and Labrador,  Nova Scotia,  Ontario,  Prince Edward Island,  Quebec, and  Saskatchewan. When it comes to funding and access to public programs and services ranging from health care to education and justice to disability benefits.The income gap between rich in Ontario is very high with the provinces poor and middle classes (grassroots citizens) working more hours with inconsequential income gains while the richest still gain more huge income with less experience in hard work, in other words no matter how hard the poor/middle class work they cant earn as much or even 10 percent as much as the rich. Ontario also has the worst record on affordable housing, with 152,077 Ontario households on wait lists in January 2011, the report says.In 2009, Ontario spent $64 per person on affordable housing compared to the provincial average of $115 per person. The poor still can’t even afford the houses that range from prices as high as C$292,500, which happens to be the cheapest price for a house in Ontario. From 1981 to 2010,Ontario experienced the largest income inequality of any of the eleven provinces at the same time having the second highest increase in poverty rate. According to the Ontario long-term report, in 2009, the government announced a comprehensive tax package that will help create jobs and make Ontario more competitive.I think the problem for Ontario with this move might be that borrowing money amongst the middle class and grass-root Ontarians, which will make Ontario reaching its budget target harder to reach. â€Å"Economic growth will slow to 2. 7% in 2011 following the ? rst full-year recovery rebound to an estimated 3. 0% in 2010. The economy grows more slowly in 2012 with the removal of government stimulus and ? scal consolidation along with slower growth in exports. Business investment spending stands out as the most robust sector of the economy growing at an average 6% annual rate during the forecast period.The unemployment rate slowly retreats from its highs, remaining above 8% this year and falling to below 7% in 2014. In? ation spikes higher in 2011 due to higher en ergy and food prices but settles down in the following three years to just above 2% annually. The province’s export-oriented industries struggle under a currency at par and below normal U. S. import demand. â€Å"(Helmut Pastrick, 2011) The highlight of Ontario’s forecast for 2011 to 2014. John Milloy, the minister of community and social services â€Å"we realize that the system needs fixing. I’m the first to admit that there are some huge problems with it†.Personally I take that as an ignorant comment because of the Ontarian government were really concerned about the declining turmoil of the Ontarian economy, immediate changes would be made in the financial aspect of the economy to prevent a great breakdown of the economy from the growth stage to decline stage (recession). Some of the changes I think should be made are: Improvement of basic infrastructure, modernizing tax system , creating more job opportunities to reduce unemployment, more public serv ices ,improving productivity , On the long run. Growth and macro economy.

Insight Into Criminal Behavior Essay - 1735 Words

Juvenile exposure to criminal behavior increases the chances that those individuals will also engage in criminal behavior. Research gives us insight to prevent or reduce criminality and rehabilitate violators of the law that engage in criminal behavior. What causes people to commit crimes? Interdisciplinary criminology gives us a better understanding from several fields of study of a better understanding of crime. Influential factors that influence criminal behaviors are psychological, sociological, and biological. How do we help rehabilitate criminals? Each approach agrees on a criminal’s devotion to aggressive behavior, but they differ in their conclusions. Psychological involves personality, addressing certain felt needs, and†¦show more content†¦The sociological theories locate the source of the criminality outside of a person. Forensic psychology is where the justice system and psychology intertwine. Understanding these legal principles determines the competence to stand trial, custody and/or visitation and how to interact with individuals that have committed crimes. Environmental psychology focuses on the interplay between humans and their surroundings. Natural environment, social settings, built environment, learning environment, and informational environments play a part in this interdisciplinary field. Human performance is affected by environmental stress. The family environment determines a childs well-being. Families that exhibit a stimulating home environment, caring and nurturing environment, and consistent discipline are more likely to produce a child with these types of characteristics (Schmitz, 2003). A family that does not offer that environment to their child is more likely to produce a child with aggressive and/or criminal behavior (Garnefski Okma, 1996). One statistic proves children that have been abused or neglected are at a 50 percent greater risk engaging in criminal activity. In children and adolescents environment pla ys a vital role in influencing their behavior (Holmes et al., 2001). Children don’t get to choose their environment. Child development theories have emerged throughout the 20thShow MoreRelatedEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. We have Cesare Lombroso and the Positive School who thought that criminals were genetically different from the rest of the general population, that they were biologically aggressive, had criminal traits and/or born as criminals. There is also William Sheldon’s theory of body types, called the somatotypeRead MoreCyber Crimes and Juvenile Criminal Behavior744 Words   |  3 Pagesonline child pornography, etc. gives one certain theory rather than it does to the other more relevance. However, we have fou nd that social process theories may provide more insight into digital crime than its fellow theories. Social process theory argues that there is a causal relationship between society and criminal behavior. That is to say that social inequality, lack of quality of life due to unemployment issues, etc. may determine an individual to act criminally. That, and because computers layRead MoreSocial Organized Crime Perspective Paper815 Words   |  4 Pagescrime. We will discuss and explain the term social institution and how it applies to organized crime. We will discuss empirical and speculative theories that are most applicable to our perspective as they apply to organized crime and overall criminal behavior. 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I agree with the author’s statement that â€Å"deterrence works differently for crime-prone individuals.† (p.1) As a society we need to consider that anything experienced after sentencing from treatment received while incarcerated such as education, prisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth, The Tale Of One Man s Ambition And Insanity1498 Words   |  6 Pagesand desperation, there are many outer influences as to why someone would commit a crime. Some causes can turn any ordinary person into an offender, while others are hard wired into the brain. It isn t always possible to tell, or prevent a future criminal from developing, but by understanding the multiple causes, it becomes easier to understand a criminal’s thought process. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the tale of one man’s ambition and insanity is painted through a web of tragedy. His ambition promptsRead MoreRacial Ethnic Differences Of Offending, Victimization, And Incarceration Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesQ1.The racial/ethnic differences in offending, victimization, and incarceration? Minorities, particular ly African Americans, are generally overrepresented in the criminal justice system both as offenders and as victims.   According to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) for 2003, African Americans (who were 12.7 percent of the population in 2003) were arrested for 37 percent of violent crimes (murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery and aggravated assault) and 29 percent of propertyRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1333 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal behavior has been a difficult term to define over the years due to the many variables that must be taken into account in order to present an accurate definition. However, the definition provided by Bartol is as follows, â€Å"Behavior in violation of the criminal code that is intentional and without justification or excuse† (Bartol, 2014). A vital variable that is represented in criminal behavior is crime. The fundamental purpose of theory is to explain things that can be observed. When discussingRead More The Media And The Criminal Justice System Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesperceptions that our criminal justice system is lacking in areas of proper sentencing and protecting the viewers. All this is based upon what we see in the media is the information reliable or not? I say this because of hearing about news personality lying about their experience only to booster the networks rating. When the criminal justice system has contact with the media, most will withhold information or give misleading information to justify the capture or conviction of a criminal. So not only areRead MoreAre Criminals Born or Made?1016 Words   |  5 PagesAre criminals born or made? A criminal is defined as someone who has committed a crime. Psychologists have come up with many theories and reasons about why people commit crimes. The two main explanations lie in genetic and environmental factors, which relates to the nature and nurture debate. Studies have been carried out to explain criminal behavior. Some suggest that criminals are born; these are twin and adoption studies. On the other hand there are also studies that have been conducted to proveRead MoreSce1: Psychological Explanation of the Causes of Crime1502 Words   |  7 PagesPsychological Explanation of the Causes of Crime Psychological-pertaining  to  the  mind  or  to  mental  phenomena  as  the subject  matter  of  psychology. -To account for criminal motivation in people, criminologists have used various psychology theories that attempt to explain human intellectual and emotional development. These theories can be divided into three categories: a. Moral Development Theories describe a sequence of developmental stages that people

Determination, Discipline, And Dedication - 1864 Words

Determination, discipline, and dedication are the three keys to Doctor Sampson (Sam) Davis’ success. Growing up in the streets of Newark was not easy for any child, pre-teen, teen, and adult, especially for Davis but with the three D’s to success he speaks of in The Pact: Three Young Men Make a Promise and Fulfill a Dream, shows that anyone can succeed when you have friends to help you through it all. Even though Davis did not have a perfect childhood, determination, dedication and discipline would help push him. Davis, as a child, has seen what describes a dysfunctional family and has witnessed many traits of physical, mental, and verbal abuse between his mother and father; â€Å"Your daddy ain’t shit,† and, â€Å"Your mama ain’t shit† (Davis 19). In some instances, the violence was so severe that the use of a firearm or the destruction of property occurred. Davis’ father would divorce from his mother but, attempt to be there for his children, yet the divorce still took an emotional toll on the kids. As for Davis, he would bury his feelings, to get over the divorce. Davis acknowledged his mother lacked an adequate education, thus, this motivated him to become well educated. However, acquiring adult responsibilities, such as writing and making bank deposits and reading important documents to his illiterate was a grand task for a young child. Times were getting harder for Davis’ family and lack of funds meant utilities could not be paid; his family w ould be powerless. Even throughShow MoreRelatedSteps to Building My Destiny Essay796 Words   |  4 PagesQuintanilla, a first grade dropout, labeled retarded with a seemingly low IQ overcame extreme obstacles by hard work and persistence to achieve her success. 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I had realized that I had screwed up hard and I needed to get on the right track, I was never a bad kid instead I was a lazy kid that had a boring life with a hatred toward school. I was very antisocialRead MoreTraining Our Children for a Bright Future861 Words   |  4 Pagesassure ourselves that our children will have a brighter future? My purpose in bringing this message is to reinforce to you, as parents, regarding your privilege and duty in molding the young lives of your children; and for the children-the determination to build up their character. I can imagine the experience of King Solomon who had lots of children. He had children with differing moods and characteristics. 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Continuous learning efforts after experiencing discouraging setbacks can enhance the outcome of achieving success as

A Brief Note On Criminal Justice Now And Its Impact On...

CRIMINAL JUSTICE NOW 1. Compare and contrast a Retributivist and a Reductivist approach to punishment. Within your answer, consider which approach is likely to have an appreciable impact upon offending behavior The reductionist technique to criminal law discipline, every so often similarly suggested as the anticipation philosophy, is a forward-looking style of control which looks to dishearten crooks from undertaking future criminal development. This is conceivable especially, where a single individual or social event gets a concentrated on control to deflect them from future horrendous exercises, (for instance, the peril of logically savage controls for future wrongdoings paying minimal notice to the wrongdoing), or all around, where†¦show more content†¦In either case, order is designated independently on the reason of the profits of the wrongdoing without appreciation for else different potential outcomes. This is to be wandered from reductionist value, which tries to forestall future wrongdoings when consigning order to past unlawful acts. (The correctional framework; a presentation, Michael Cavadino ET all.). This exposition will examine the Retributivist and Reductivist stra tegy to discipline, it shall likewise make a complexity and correlation between these two methodologies. It is worth noting that, The reductionist approach sees punishment as an instrument of social control proposed to diminish independent development, ordinarily through separation and debilitation, less routinely through rebuilding and preparing. By the by, the retributivist approach sees punishment as an issue suitable and key response to incredible deeds, order is the essentially response to wrongdoing. It will be respected that depending on which side of this punishment disengage one has so also will depend one s attitude towards, case in point, the structure punishment should take, the gravity of punishment and the centrality of past appalling conduct. It will similarly effect one s mindset to substantive issues. Case in point, from the reductionist viewpoint there is no trademark inspiration driving why

Theory Based Design and Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Theory Based Design and Assessment. Answer: Introduction My Health Record is an initiative by the Commonwealth Government of Australia to provide the individuals with an integrated online platform to record, view, modify and handle their health information. It would lead to the improvement of patient care by allowing the patients to consult their healthcare professional through the aid of the system. The document is a vision document for the project that highlights the problems, capabilities and benefits associated with My Health Record. Healthcare industry is a huge industry that is growing and expanding at a rapid rate with the increase in population and emergence of newer health issues. The current health care system is associated with a number of problems in terms of services and operations. Due to huge population, there are service issues such as long queues, long waiting time, difficulty in getting admissions in the hospitals and delayed care. Also, the cost of health care services is on an all time high and is expected to increase further. It is essential to have virtual health care systems to provide patient care to the individuals due to the problems that are associated with the current system. This system will require an interface and a network to run which may bring up the issues associated with information security and privacy (Zahedi, 2016). Capabilities My Health Record is one virtual system that aims to provide individuals with remote health care and health monitoring. It would be capable of providing a secure platform to the authorized patients to manage their health information and seek medical assistance as well. It would allow the individuals to log in to the system and record their health details. These health details will be visible to the assigned healthcare professional that would be able to study and provide the medical assistance through the system. The patient will be able to view and download the medical reports and feedback provided by the medical expert. These medical reports will be available in a number of different formats to choose from such as word document, excel file, PDF and likewise (Hagglund, Scandurra, Mostrom, Koch, 2007). In case of emergency or urgent care, the medical experts will be notified to provide immediate assistance and advice to the patient. There will also be alerts and prompts that will be generated for the patients to record their health information in due time. The system will also allow the patients to view their medical history on the basis of the dates that are selected which will aid them in accurately monitoring their health. Health information of an individual is private and confidential in nature and any security breach to the same may result in significant damage. Therefore, My Health Record will have the in-built security mechanisms to make sure that the health information is accessed only by the authorized individuals and any of the security attacks attempted by the malicious entities are not successful (Suomi, 2014). Benefits There are a number of benefits that are associated with My Health Record for the patients as well as the healthcare professionals. The first and the foremost benefit that will be provided to the patients include the recording and monitoring of their health in a virtual manner. The system would enable the patients to avoid the need to physically visit the medical centre or hospital and would grant them an opportunity to perform the healthcare related activities sitting at home or from any other location. Also, there would be a one-time cost associated with the purchase and subscription of the system. The cost associated with the system would be much lesser than the cost of visiting the medical centre/hospital and consulting the healthcare professional. The system will allow the patients to be aware on their health status and will also prompt them to take due actions. There will also be a number of benefits that will be provided to the health care professionals. It would allow them to provide medical assistance from any location and would also allow them to assist higher number of patients on a daily basis. It will also provide them with the opportunity to improve the condition of healthcare in the region (Johnson, Vorderstrasse, Shaw, 2009). There are also issues associated with storage and management of health information that are associated with manual systems. The same will be overcome in this case as My Health Record will allow the storage of health information over the cloud and there would be proper back-up and disaster recovery measures that will be applied in order to keep the information protected at all times. Issues such as data duplication, data loss, data replication and likewise will also be avoided with this system. It would also allow the medical experts to carry out data analysis to understand the health trends and condition associated with a particular group or region. References Hagglund, M., Scandurra, I., Mostrom, D., Koch, S. (2007). Bridging the gap: a virtual health record for integrated home care. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.ijic.org/articles/10.5334/ijic.191/ Johnson, C., Vorderstrasse, A., Shaw, R. (2009). Virtual Worlds in Health Care Higher Education. Journals.tdl.org. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/699 Suomi, R. (2014). Promoting Health in Virtual Worlds: Lessons From Second Life. Retrieved from https://www.jmir.org/2014/10/e229 Zahedi, F. (2016). Augmented Virtual Doctor Office: Theory-based Design and Assessment: Journal of Management Information Systems: Vol 33, No 3. Tandfonline.com. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07421222.2016.1243952